USE OF PREPOSITION | COMMON COMBINATION AND PREPOSITION

Pengertian Prepositions

Presition adalah kata yang bersama objeknya (disebut object of preposition) menerangkan verb, noun, atau adjective. Object of preposition dapat berupa noun, pronoun, atau gerund. Kata ini merupakan satu dari delapan part of speech bahasa Inggris.

Di (In/on/at [place])

To indicate a place, we use the particle di. It can mean in, on, or at.

Contoh (Examples):

Buku saya ada di meja. (My book is (in/on/at) [the] table)

Mobilmu ada di garasi. (Your car is (in/on/at) [the] garage)

Note the word "ada", which means "to exist". It is placed right before the di particle to indicate existence.

Note also that the particle di doesn't convey any further detail on how the object is being placed, whether it's in front, inside, etc. To put additional detail, we put a location word after the particle di.

Contoh (Examples):

Buku saya ada di atas meja. (My book is on [the] table)

Mobilmu ada di dalam garasi. (Your car is in [the] garage)

The word "atas" means "top" or "above" and "dalam" means "inside". Below is the list of location words you may use:

Atas = top/above

Bawah = under/below

Dalam = inside

Luar = outside

Depan = front

Belakang = behind/back

Sebelah/Samping = beside

Sebelah kiri = left side

Sebelah kanan = right side

In Indonesian, to change the position is quite easy. Like Buku saya ada di atas meja, if you want to change it becomes beside or behind, you just need to change them into Buku saya ada di sebelah/samping meja and Buku saya ada di belakang meja.

Be careful to differentiate between di as prefix (awalan) and di as showing the place (kata depan). Most Indonesian natives forget about this and mistakes are common. If the word di is followed by a verb, it is a prefix.

Example:

Ia di luar ( he is outside)

Ia dipukul ( he was beaten -- pukul = beat)

Indonesian also commonly (and mistakenly) use di with time, for example "di waktu sedih" (during sad times). Pada is the correct proposition for time. Hence, it should be "pada waktu sedih".

Pada (at [person])

Although in spoken Indonesian it is acceptable to use di to indicate the existence of a noun at someone, this is unusual. For example, it is not correct to say: "Bukumu ada di Budi" to mean "Your book is at Budi". Rather, you should use the particle "pada":

"Bukumu ada pada Budi" (Your book is at Budi)

This sounds awkward to translate literally. Usually in English, people would say "Budi has your book".

This preposition is also used for time, for example "Pada pukul enam pagi." (At 6 am)

Ke (to [a place])

The particle ke is to indicate the notion of to a place. It is often coupled with the word "pergi", which means to go.

Contoh (Example):

Ibu pergi ke pasar. (Mother goes to [the] market)

Ayah pergi ke kantor. (Father goes to [the] office)

Saya pergi ke sekolah. (I go to [the] school)

Dia pergi ke rumahmu. (He/she/it goes to your house)

In spoken Indonesian, people often omit "pergi" when the context is clear. So, you'll often hear "Ibu ke pasar" to mean "Mother [goes] to [the] market".

Kepada (to [a person])

Some verbs in English like "to send", "to give" and so on need the particle "to", followed by a person. For example: "I give the book to you". In Indonesian, for this notion of "to", you cannot use the particle ke. Rather, you'll use the particle kepada.

Contoh (Example):

Saya memberikan buku ini kepadamu. (= I give this book to you)

Dia mengirimkan surat ini kepada saya. (= He/she sends this letter to me)

Memberikan = to give

Mengirimkan = to send

Surat = letter

Certainly, in spoken Indonesian, people may violate this rule and use "ke" instead of the proper "kepada".

Dari (From)

The particle "dari" is almost synonymous with "from" in English. It is to indicate the origin of something.

Contoh (Example):

Saya datang dari rumah. (I come from [the] house)

Dia datang dari Amerika. (He/she comes from [the] US)

Not only that "dari" explains the place origin, but also explains the origin of things. For example:

Cincin ini terbuat dari emas. (This ring is made of gold)

Cincin = ring

Terbuat = is made

Emas = gold

Untuk (For)

The particle "untuk" is almost synonymous with "for". For example:

Buku ini untukmu. (This book is for you)

Pensil ini untuknya. (This pencil is for him/her/it)

It is also used to explain the usage of a thing:

Pensil ini untuk menulis. (This pencil is for writing [things])

(menulis = write)

Common Combination and preposition

In fact, word collocations and preposition combinations are extremely important at the proficiency level of the English language.

                The importance of collocations and combinations at the proficiency level can't be emphasized enough! Learning them will help you in every section of the exam.

The following combinations always appear together.

It's a very good idea to know them.

Verb - Preposition Combinations

Agree on (something)	We agree on that issue.
Agree with (a person)	I agree with you in that matter.
Approve of	Betty approves of exercising.
Arrive at OR in	They arrived in Tokyo last night.
	Have you arrived at a decision?
Complain about	Please do not complain about the color.
Consent to	She consented to her daughter’s marriage.
Comment on	She commented on his haircut.
Consist of	Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
Depend on	I am depending on you to help me.
Laugh at	We laughed at his silly shirt.
Object to	Do you object to my smoking?
Succeed in	He succeeded in making everyone angry.

Some verb preposition combinations take two objects.

Compare… with OR to	Why compare me with ( OR to) my brother?
Excuse… for	I cannot excuse you for being late.
Prefer… to	She prefers juice to milk.
Remind… of	She reminded me of my appointment.
Thank… for	I thanked him for letting me use his bike.

Adjective - preposition combinations with verb "be."

Be afraid of	Jake is afraid of dogs.
Be accustomed to	I was accustomed to seeing her every day.
Be aware of	Are you aware of this problem?
Be bored with	Todd is bored with backgammon.
Be certain of	He cannot be certain of the date.
Be disappointed with	Susan was disappointed with her meal.
Be familiar with	Is Doctor Jones familiar with that new pill?
Be famous for	Michigan is famous for its Great Lakes.
Be frightened by	Don’t be frightened by the dog, he won’t bite.
Be happy with	The Smith’s are very happy with their new car.
Be in favor of	Are you in favor of abortion?
Be interested in	John is interested in anthropology.
Be opposed to	He is really opposed to buying a new car.
Be satisfied with	He is not satisfied with his new school.
Be surprised at (or) by	I was surprised by his behavior.
Be tired of	Maria is tired of working for a living.
Be worried about	Mark is very worried about his sick mother.

Prepositions in fixed phrases.

According to	According to the news, it will rain tonight.
Along with	Can you take this bottle along with these cans, to the recycle bin?
As well as	I enjoy physics as well as math.
Because of	Because of the strike, there will be no buses today.
By means of	The child entered the yard by means of an open gate.
By way of	John went to Paris by way of London.
In addition to	In addition to studying ballet full-time, Patricia works part-time.
In case of	In case of fire, break glass and pull alarm.
In consideration of	In consideration of all your hard work I would like to take you to dinner.
In contrast to (or) with	In contrast to last summer, this summer is quite cool.
In deference to	In deference to her age, we did not argue with her.
In hopes of	We came here in hopes of meeting the famous musician.
In lieu of	He gave an oral report in lieu of the written exam.
In pursuit of	The business is in pursuit of excellence.
In search of	They went into the cave in search of lost treasure.
In spite of	In spite of his good intentions, he did not study much or do well on the exam.
In the face of	In the face of a severe drought, conservation measures needed to be adopted.
In terms of	He was a good teacher in terms of getting his students to pass their exams.

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