Pengertian Prepositions
Presition adalah
kata yang bersama objeknya (disebut object of preposition) menerangkan verb, noun, atau adjective. Object of
preposition dapat berupa noun, pronoun, atau gerund. Kata ini merupakan
satu dari delapan part of speech bahasa Inggris.
Di
(In/on/at [place])
To indicate a place, we
use the particle di. It can mean in, on, or at.
Contoh (Examples):
Buku saya ada di meja.
(My book is (in/on/at) [the] table)
Mobilmu ada di garasi.
(Your car is (in/on/at) [the] garage)
Note the word
"ada", which means "to exist". It is placed right before
the di particle to indicate existence.
Note also that the
particle di doesn't convey any further detail on how the object is being
placed, whether it's in front, inside, etc. To put additional detail, we put a
location word after the particle di.
Contoh (Examples):
Buku saya ada di atas
meja. (My book is on [the] table)
Mobilmu ada di dalam
garasi. (Your car is in [the] garage)
The word
"atas" means "top" or "above" and
"dalam" means "inside". Below is the list of location words
you may use:
Atas = top/above
Bawah = under/below
Dalam = inside
Luar = outside
Depan = front
Belakang = behind/back
Sebelah/Samping =
beside
Sebelah kiri = left
side
Sebelah kanan = right
side
In Indonesian, to
change the position is quite easy. Like Buku saya ada di atas meja, if you want
to change it becomes beside or behind, you just need to change them into Buku
saya ada di sebelah/samping meja and Buku saya ada di belakang meja.
Be careful to
differentiate between di as prefix (awalan) and di as showing the place (kata
depan). Most Indonesian natives forget about this and mistakes are common. If
the word di is followed by a verb, it is a prefix.
Example:
Ia di luar ( he is
outside)
Ia dipukul ( he was
beaten -- pukul = beat)
Indonesian also
commonly (and mistakenly) use di with time, for example "di waktu
sedih" (during sad times). Pada is the correct proposition for time.
Hence, it should be "pada waktu sedih".
Pada
(at [person])
Although in spoken
Indonesian it is acceptable to use di to indicate the existence of a noun at
someone, this is unusual. For example, it is not correct to say: "Bukumu
ada di Budi" to mean "Your book is at Budi". Rather, you should
use the particle "pada":
"Bukumu ada pada
Budi" (Your book is at Budi)
This sounds awkward to
translate literally. Usually in English, people would say "Budi has your
book".
This preposition is
also used for time, for example "Pada pukul enam pagi." (At 6 am)
Ke
(to [a place])
The particle ke is to
indicate the notion of to a place. It is often coupled with the word
"pergi", which means to go.
Contoh (Example):
Ibu pergi ke pasar.
(Mother goes to [the] market)
Ayah pergi ke kantor.
(Father goes to [the] office)
Saya pergi ke sekolah.
(I go to [the] school)
Dia pergi ke rumahmu.
(He/she/it goes to your house)
In spoken Indonesian,
people often omit "pergi" when the context is clear. So, you'll often
hear "Ibu ke pasar" to mean "Mother [goes] to [the]
market".
Kepada
(to [a person])
Some verbs in English
like "to send", "to give" and so on need the particle
"to", followed by a person. For example: "I give the book to
you". In Indonesian, for this notion of "to", you cannot use the
particle ke. Rather, you'll use the particle kepada.
Contoh (Example):
Saya memberikan buku
ini kepadamu. (= I give this book to you)
Dia mengirimkan surat
ini kepada saya. (= He/she sends this letter to me)
Memberikan = to give
Mengirimkan = to send
Surat = letter
Certainly, in spoken
Indonesian, people may violate this rule and use "ke" instead of the
proper "kepada".
Dari (From)
The particle
"dari" is almost synonymous with "from" in English. It is
to indicate the origin of something.
Contoh (Example):
Saya datang dari rumah.
(I come from [the] house)
Dia datang dari
Amerika. (He/she comes from [the] US)
Not only that
"dari" explains the place origin, but also explains the origin of
things. For example:
Cincin ini terbuat dari
emas. (This ring is made of gold)
Cincin = ring
Terbuat = is made
Emas = gold
Untuk
(For)
The particle
"untuk" is almost synonymous with "for". For example:
Buku ini untukmu. (This
book is for you)
Pensil ini untuknya.
(This pencil is for him/her/it)
It is also used to
explain the usage of a thing:
Pensil ini untuk
menulis. (This pencil is for writing [things])
(menulis = write)
Common
Combination and preposition
In fact, word collocations and preposition
combinations are extremely important at the proficiency level of the
English language.
The importance of collocations and combinations at the proficiency level can't be emphasized enough! Learning them will help you in every section of the exam.
The following combinations always appear together.
It's a very good idea to know them.
The importance of collocations and combinations at the proficiency level can't be emphasized enough! Learning them will help you in every section of the exam.
The following combinations always appear together.
It's a very good idea to know them.
Verb - Preposition Combinations
|
Agree on (something)
|
We agree on that issue.
|
|
Agree with (a person)
|
I agree with you in that matter.
|
|
Approve of
|
Betty approves of exercising.
|
|
Arrive at OR in
|
They arrived in Tokyo last night.
|
|
Have you arrived at a decision?
|
|
|
Complain about
|
Please do not complain about the color.
|
|
Consent to
|
She consented to her daughter’s marriage.
|
|
Comment on
|
She commented on his haircut.
|
|
Consist of
|
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
|
|
Depend on
|
I am depending on you to help me.
|
|
Laugh at
|
We laughed at his silly shirt.
|
|
Object to
|
Do you object to my smoking?
|
|
Succeed in
|
He succeeded in making everyone angry.
|
Some verb preposition combinations take two
objects.
|
Compare… with OR to
|
Why compare me with ( OR to) my brother?
|
|
Excuse… for
|
I cannot excuse you for being late.
|
|
Prefer… to
|
She prefers juice to milk.
|
|
Remind… of
|
She reminded me of my appointment.
|
|
Thank… for
|
I thanked him for letting me use his bike.
|
Adjective - preposition combinations with verb "be."
|
Be afraid of
|
Jake is afraid of dogs.
|
|
Be accustomed to
|
I was accustomed to seeing her every day.
|
|
Be aware of
|
Are you aware of this problem?
|
|
Be bored with
|
Todd is bored with backgammon.
|
|
Be certain of
|
He cannot be certain of the date.
|
|
Be disappointed with
|
Susan was disappointed with her meal.
|
|
Be familiar with
|
Is Doctor Jones familiar with that new pill?
|
|
Be famous for
|
Michigan is famous for its Great Lakes.
|
|
Be frightened by
|
Don’t be frightened by the dog, he won’t bite.
|
|
Be happy with
|
The Smith’s are very happy with their new car.
|
|
Be in favor of
|
Are you in favor of abortion?
|
|
Be interested in
|
John is interested in anthropology.
|
|
Be opposed to
|
He is really opposed to buying a new car.
|
|
Be satisfied with
|
He is not satisfied with his new school.
|
|
Be surprised at (or) by
|
I was surprised by his behavior.
|
|
Be tired of
|
Maria is tired of working for a living.
|
|
Be worried about
|
Mark is very worried about his sick mother.
|
Prepositions in fixed phrases.
|
According to
|
According to the news, it will rain tonight.
|
|
Along with
|
Can you take this bottle along with these cans, to the
recycle bin?
|
|
As well as
|
I enjoy physics as well as math.
|
|
Because of
|
Because of the strike, there will be no buses today.
|
|
By means of
|
The child entered the yard by means of an open gate.
|
|
By way of
|
John went to Paris by way of London.
|
|
In addition to
|
In addition to studying ballet full-time, Patricia works
part-time.
|
|
In case of
|
In case of fire, break glass and pull alarm.
|
|
In consideration of
|
In consideration of all your hard work I would like to
take you to dinner.
|
|
In contrast to (or) with
|
In contrast to last summer, this summer is quite cool.
|
|
In deference to
|
In deference to her age, we did not argue with her.
|
|
In hopes of
|
We came here in hopes of meeting the famous musician.
|
|
In lieu of
|
He gave an oral report in lieu of the written exam.
|
|
In pursuit of
|
The business is in pursuit of excellence.
|
|
In search of
|
They went into the cave in search of lost treasure.
|
|
In spite of
|
In spite of his good intentions, he did not study much or
do well on the exam.
|
|
In the face of
|
In the face of a severe drought, conservation measures
needed to be adopted.
|
|
In terms of
|
He was a good teacher in terms of getting his students to
pass their exams.
|
SUMBER 1
